The adage, 'Good Fences Make Good Neighbors' is true for the most part ... unless your fence is encroaching the neighbor's property.
Perhaps like me, you know someone who spent thousands of dollars installing a nice, concrete block fence only to have the neighbor threaten to sue because the fence is encroaching a foot or so onto his land. Moving a fence can be an expensive process. I have even heard horror stories where the neighbor was so mad that he rented a bulldozer and knocked the offending fence to pieces. No matter which way you slice it, your fence can be a real source of financial and emotional grief if you've constructed it in the wrong place. Even if your current neighbors are wonderful, someone not so charitable may move in next door and start complaining about the location of your fence.
It is a good idea to make sure that you know where your property boundaries are located before you construct a fence -- or before you buy property, for that matter. Determine the exact location of your property boundaries by comparing your legal description with the survey.
The property description -- sometimes called a legal description -- is something that you receive before you close your real estate transaction. Generally, a few weeks before closing, the title company or escrow company will send you a sample deed, a title commitment and other legal documents to review before the closing. If you already own the property, the legal description of your land will be included with your deed.
Some property descriptions are fairly simple, such as NE SE NW Section 12 Township 5 South, Range 8 West;' others are more complicated. The latter form of property description is what is termed a 'metes and bounds' description that reads something like 'thence 15 degrees, 22 seconds west a distance of 325 feet, thence south 8 degrees, 15 seconds west,' and so forth. The metes and bounds description follows survey calls. If you were not given a survey by the seller or the title company, ask for one. There is no way that you will know whether the property description is correct unless you can compare it with the survey. It is not unusual to find typos or other errors that seem minor. Those insignificant errors have the potential to create huge problems down the road. If your legal description contains typos, make sure that it is corrected. This is your property and investment and you have the right, if not obligation, to demand perfection in your legal documents.
Once you are satisfied that that the property description is in order, be sure to locate the survey stakes by physically walking your land. If you cannot locate the stakes, have the surveyor come out to your property and either show them to you or reinstall them. Before fencing your property, put a red flag or something near the survey stakes so that you can find them.
There might be easements that prohibit your ability to build a fence flush with your property line. Here in Arizona, for example, cattle easements of at least 10 feet around the perimeter of your rural real estate are common. You are not allowed to enclose the easement with a fence or otherwise. Other examples of easements might include underground utilities, a driveway, or some other recorded right of way that you cannot block access to. Easements are typically shown on a survey. Unless it is a prescriptive easement, the easement should be documented in a recorded easement or other document available from your county recorder.
Good fences can make good neighbors if they are constructed properly and in the right location! Know exactly where you can build a fence before spending the money on construction. A bit of document review and preparation beforehand can save you a great deal of aggravation and possible legal actions down the road.