In Part 1 we talked about some of the tricks that pet manufacturers use to make their products look more appealing to consumers. After all, protein should make up the majority of the diet, right? We don't want any of those nasty carbohydrate fillers do we? Do we???

Nutritional Common Sense

If you think about it, the pet's diet must add up to be 100%. There are five nutrients to take into consideration here (not including water): protein, fat, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins.

According to accredited veterinary nutritionists, the average adult neutered house dog only needs about 20% protein, 15% fat, and all the necessary vitamins and minerals can fit into 5% of the diet. So what makes up the remaining 60%?

It only makes sense that if the diet is formulated properly and the list ACCURATELY reflects the relative weight of the ingredients, low calorie carbohydrates should make up the balance of the diet. Therefore, the list should have a grain as the first ingredient.

Rebecca Remillard, PhD, DVM, accredited veterinary nutritionist, and staff nutritionist at the Angell Memorial Hospital in Boston, MA, states, "If a diet has the proper protein to calorie ratio and is properly formulated for the average adult dog, the meat source would not be first in the list."

Despite this, many self-proclaimed pet food experts will try to tell you that carbohydrates are nothing but junk. While there is no minimum dietary requirement for carbohydrates in pet foods, the body does have a minimum glucose requirement to supply energy for critical organs such as the brain. In addition, most cells use glucose as their primary fuel.

Have you ever seen an animal or person who is hypoglycemic (lacking glucose)? Scary!

This glucose CAN come from protein or fats. However, the liver must manufacture the glucose from these sources in order to dump the nitrogen. Carbohydrates don't contain nitrogen and don't need to be metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys. This makes carbohydrates an extremely important energy source because they basically allow the body to do less work.

According to Dr. Remillard, "Some pet foods do contain very little or no carbohydrates but overfeed protein and fat. This would most likely be no problem for the feral dog or cat not expected to live past 2-3 years of age. I suggest this is not the ideal diet when one expects your pet to live 10-20 years. It's much like smoking in people--rarely are the effects noted before 20 or 30 years--so it seems OK at first.

I find it interesting when pet owners are concerned about the large carbohydrate fraction comprising pet foods but think feeding vegetables and fruit is more 'healthy' and/or 'natural'. These same pet owners fail to realize that vegetables and fruits are primarily comprised of water and carbohydrates in the form of sugar, starch and fiber. You cannot get away from those carbohydrates."

It's OK--you don't have to avoid a pet food just because it has a carbohydrate listed as the first ingredient.

Also keep in mind that the ingredient list in general cannot and should not be used as a way to assess the "quality" of a pet food. There are just too many factors to consider. We only wish it was so simple. While the list of ingredients may be helpful, it has certain shortcomings that limit its usefulness for evaluating the nutritive value of pet foods.

For better or worse, the consumer must rely on the reputation or word of the manufacturer to assess the nutritive value and safety of the ingredients appearing on the list. If you have any questions about your pet's food just pick up the phone. All you have to do is look a little past the ingredient list to find the toll-free number.

They're waiting for your call!