Business Articles - Countersink - Brass Water Valves - Pneumatic Accessories
- Date: 2010-07-23 - Word Count: 1122
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Types Machining A countersink may be used in many tools, such as drills, drill presses, milling machines, and lathes. Cross-hole countersink cutter Side and end view of a cross-hole deburrer A cross-hole countersink is a cone-shaped tool with a cutting edge provided by a hole that goes through the side of the cone. The intersection of the hole and cone form the cutting edge on the tool. The cone is not truly symmetrical as it is essential that the cone retreats away from the cutting edge as the tool rotates. If this does not occur the cutting edge will lack clearance and rub rather than bite into the material. This clearance is referred to as cutting relief. These tools are best used as deburring tools, where the burr from a previous machining operation needs to be removed for cosmetic and safety reasons, however they may be used in softer materials (such as wood or plastic) to create a countersunk hole for a screw. Fluted countersink cutter Side and end view of a 4 fluted countersink The fluted countersink cutter is used to provide a heavy chamfer in the entrance to a drilled hole. This may be required to allow the correct seating for a countersunk-head screw or to provide the lead in for a second machining operation such as tapping. Countersink cutters are manufactured with six common angles, which are 60, 82, 90, 100, 110, or 120, with the two most common of those being 82 and 90. Countersunk-head screws that follow the Unified Thread Standard very often have an 82 angle, and screws that follow the ISO standard very often have a 90 angle. Throughout the aerospace industry, countersunk fasteners typically have an angle of 100. The ideal countersink angle for holes tapped with 60 threads, when no countersunk fastener head will sit in the countersunk area, is often 60; but often another angle is used if that is the cutter that is at hand, and the difference usually doesn't matter. Back countersink A back countersink, also known as an inserted countersink, is a two piece countersink used on tough to reach areas. One component is a rod that is inserted into the existing hole in the workpieces; the other component is the cutter, which is attached to the rod after it is in position. Speeds, feeds, and avoiding chatter It can often be difficult to avoid chatter when cutting with countersink cutters. As usual in machining, the shorter and more rigid the setup, the better. Better-quality fluted countersink cutters sometimes have the flutes (or at least one flute) at an irregular pitching. This variation in pitching reduces the chance of the cutting edges setting up a harmonic action and leaving an undulated surface. This surface ripple is also dependent on the surface speed of the cutting edges, material type, and applied pressure (or feed rate); once started it is hard to remove. Too light a feed tends to increase chatter risk. As in many other machining operations, an appropriate response to the chatter may be to decrease speed and increase feed. Form countersinking Form countersinking, also known as dimpling, is a countersink that is formed into sheet metal to increase the strength of a structure as the countersinks of multiple pieces nest together. There are two processes for producing formed countersinks: coin dimpling and modified radius dimpling. See also Chamfer Speeds and feeds References ^ Reithmaier 1999, p. 90. ^ Reithmaier 1999, p. 91. Bibliography Reithmaier, Lawrence W. (1999), Standard aircraft handbook for mechanics and technicians (6th ed.), McGraw-Hill Professional, ISBN 9780071348362, http://books.google.com/books?id=a3bloqOeFhkC. v d e Metalworking Tools Cutting machines Water jet cutter Band saw Cold saw Laser Miter saw Plasma Cutting tools Broach Burr Chisel Counterbore Countersink End mill File Guillotine shear Hand scraper Milling cutter Nibbler Reamer Throatless shear Tipped tool Tool bit Forming tools Brake Die English Wheel Flypress Hydraulic press Machine press Punch press Stamping press Hand tools Clamp Combination square Drift pin File card Hacksaw Hammer Hand scraper Machinist square Magnetic base Needlegun scaler Pipe and tube bender Pliers Punch Saw piercing Scriber Tap and die Tongs Vise Workbench Wrench Machine tooling Angle plate Chuck Collet Jig Fixture Indexing head Lathe center Machine taper Magnetic base Mandrel Rotary table Wiggler Measuring instruments Bore gauge Caliper Comparator Dial indicator Engineer's blue Feeler Center gauge and fishtail gauge Gauge block Gauge Go-NoGo Machinist square Marking blue Marking gauge Marking out Micrometer Radius gauge Scale Sine bar Spirit level Straightedge Surface plate Tape measure Thread pitch Height gauge Vernier scale Wiggler Smithing tools Anvil Forge Fuller Hardy hole Hardy tools Pritchel Slack tub Steam hammer Swage block Trip hammer Casting Fabrication Forming Jewellery Machining Metallurgy Smithing Tools & Terminology Welding v d e Types of tools Cutting tools Blade Bolt cutter Broach Ceramic tile cutter Chisel Coping saw Countersink Diamond blade Diamond tool Drill bit Endmill File Fretsaw Froe Glass cutter Grater Hacksaw Hand saw Knife Milling cutter Miter saw Pipecutter Plane Razor Reamer Saw Scalpel Scissors Slasher Surform Switchblade Tap and die Tool bit Utility knife Water jet cutter Wire cutter Wire stripper Garden tools Adze Axe Billhook Bow saw Cultivator Earth auger Edger Garden fork Garden hose Garden trowel Hedge trimmer Hoe Hori hori Irrigation sprinkler Lawn aerator Lawn mower Lawn sweeper Leaf blower Loppers Machete Mattock Pickaxe Pitchfork Plough (plow) Post hole digger Pruning shears (secateurs) Rake Roller Rotary tiller Scythe Sickle Spade Splitting maul String trimmer Hand tools Block plane BNC inserter/remover Brace Bradawl Breaker bar Broom Brush Card scraper Caulking gun Clamp Crimping pliers Crowbar Fish tape Hammer Hawk Hex key Locking pliers Mallet Miter box Nut driver Pipe wrench Pliers Punch Punch down tool Putty knife Ratchet Scratch awl Screwdriver Sledgehammer Sponge Squeegee Staple gun Stitching awl Torque wrench Trowel Upholstery hammer Wrench (spanner) Machine tools Broaching machine Drill press Gear shaper Grinding machine Hobbing machine Jig borer Lathe Metalworking lathe Milling machine Planer Screw machine Shaper Turret lathe Power tools Angle grinder Band saw Belt sander Blow torch Chainsaw Chop saw Circular saw Concrete saw Crusher Cutting torch Die grinder Drill Glue gun Grinding machine Heat gun Impact wrench Jigsaw Jointer Nail gun Radial arm saw Random orbital sander Reciprocating saw Rotary tool Router table Sander Scroll saw Soldering gun Soldering iron Steam box Table saw Thickness planer Welding Wood router Wood shaper Measuring & Alignment tools Caliper Jig Micrometer Pencil Plumb-bob Ruler Sliding T bevel Spirit level Square Tape measure Other Antique tools Halligan bar Kelly tool Ladder Thau claw Toolbox Vise Workbench Categories: Metalworking cutting tools
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