Information technology has transformed
the way we live  live in and the way we do business. Since last decade, I.T.
has made a drastic change in our life. As compared to earlier stage, when
computer was used just as a typewriter, nowadays users have become more intelligent
and IT literate. Now the user knows that a PC can do many more things rather
then just typing a letter in a word processing software or making balance
sheets in excel. They expect more things out of their PC. During this phase
of industry, every one of us must have heard the word ERP in one or the other
form. It may be in title of any IT magazine or may be a point of discussion
in any IT Seminar or may be in an advertisement of big IT Company. Thus in
any form, we all have been through this word. In this short article, I'll
try to concisely explain the basic yet important concepts relevant to ERP.
What is ERP ?
ERP is one of the most widely
implemented business software systems in a wide variety of industries and
organizations. ERP is the acronym of Enterprise Resource Planning. ERP is
just not only a software. ERP definition refers to both; ERP software and
business strategies that implement ERP systems.
ERP implementation utilizes various
ERP software applications to improve the performance of organizations for

1) resource planning,
2) management control and
3) operational control.
ERP software consists of multiple
software modules that integrate activities across functional departments -
from production planning, parts purchasing, inventory control and product
distribution to order tracking. Most ERP software systems include application
modules to support common business activities like finance, accounting and
human resources.
ERP Systems
ERP is much more than just a
computer software. An ERP System includes ERP Software, Business Processes,
Users and Hardware that run the ERP software. An ERP system is more than the
sum of its parts or components. Those components interact together to achieve
a common goal - streamline and improve organizations' business processes.
Most important factor for ERP system is the users. Successful implementation
of any ERP System more depends on intelligent users who are going to use them,
because any standard ERP Software would consist hundreds of input information
for any particular business activity. Thus good knowledge of each entity of
system to the users is most important factor in ERP Software.
History of ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning
(ERP) is the evolution of Manufacturing Requirements Planning (MRP) II in
1980s, which was mainly related to Manufacturing Industry and was designed
to control manufacturing process and planning the required production with
efficient output. Where as MRP is the evolution of Inventory Management &
Control conceived in 1960s, which was mainly designed for management of Stocks
in any particular industry. ERP has expanded from coordination of manufacturing
processes to the integration of enterprise-wide backend processes like production
planning and scheduling of delivery. In terms of technology, ERP has evolved
from legacy implementation to more flexible tiered client-server architecture.

Benefits of ERP
ERP software attempts to integrate
business processes across departments ionto a single enterprise-wide information
system. The major benefits of ERP are improved coordination across functional
departments and increased efficiencies of doing business. The implementations
of ERP systems help to facilitate day-to-day management as well. ERP software
systems are originally and ambitiously designed to support resource planning
portion of strategic planning. In reality, resource planning has been the
weakest link in ERP practice due to the complexity of strategic planning and
lack of adequate integration of ERP with Decision Support Systems (DSS).
Famous ERP Software
No one from IT industry will
be unknown from the word SAP. SAP is the most successful ERP Software. To
name more here are some examples:
PeopleSoftwww.peoplesoft.com
SysProwww.syspro.com
ORION Enterprisewww.3i-infotech.com
Matrixwww.matrixinfosystems.com
(In the past, we have implemented
Matrix ERP solution for one of our clients)
ERP Failures
I couldn't conclude my brief
guide to ERP without mentioning ERP failures. The failures of Crore rupees
ERP projects are reported once in a while even after many years of ERP implementation.

There are four components of
an ERP System -
1) ERP software,
2) Business Processes that ERP
software supports,
3) Users of ERP systems, and

4) Hardware and Operating Systems
that run ERP applications.
The failures in one or more of
those four components can cause the failure of an ERP project. Discussions
on each of the four topics will require new article, so I may come up with
same in my next article.
Author:
By Premal Vala
Premal Vala is working as a Project Leader
for Semaphore Infotech Pvt. Ltd, a renowned IT company based at
Ahmedabad,
India
. He has around 10 years of experience in
the field of Information Technology. Working on ERP is his main area of interest.
Apart from this, he is also fond of Video movie recording and editing/mixing
of Audio/Video. You can contact on email: premal@semaphore-software.com.