Is Ethanol A Fuel Fad?
According to Princeton's Samuel Wise, man's first 'home brew' was probably date wine. Egyptian hieroglyphs show kegs of beer and date wine being included among the Pharaoh's provisions for the afterlife. Wise believes that ethyl alcohol was made from dates, grapes and other fruit more than 8,500 years ago. This substance is intimately connected with mysticism, shamanism and alchemy - it predates all religion and laws prohibiting public drunkenness are included in Hammurabi's Code in 1750 BC.
So where and when did man first use ethyl alcohol as fuel? Although the claim is widely disputed, a cleric and alchemist (and the inventor of the first French perfumes) Raymond Lully (1235 - 1308) was the first to prepare pure ethanol by distilling fermentation alcohol three times from quicklime, CaO. Normal fractional distillation can only produce a 95% pure ethanol (95% C2H5OH - 5% H2O) because ethanol and water mixed in this composition form an azeotrope. (An azeotrope is a mixture with a fixed boiling point that cannot be further separated by fractional distillation.) The quicklime must be added to remove the water from this azeotrope by chemical reaction: CaO + H2O --> Ca(OH)2. It seems reasonable to me that in demonstrating the new substance's combustible nature Raymond may have tried burning it in a terra-cotta lamp with a wick. That would make him the first to ethanol as fuel.
In early modern Europe, glass chimney oil lamps were status symbols and their fuels included all kinds of vegetable oils (castor, rapeseed, peanut), animal oils (especially whale oil and tallow from beef or pork,) and refined turpentine from pine trees; and alcohol. Three hundred years later, the most popular lamp fuel in the United States (before petroleum) was a blend of alcohol and turpentine called "camphene".
By 1838, pure ethyl alcohol replaced the more expensive whale oil in most North American lamps. It easily took the lead because it was such an improvement over all other oils in use at that time. By 1860, thousands of distilleries churned out eighty million gallons of the pure spirit every year. All of which lit houses after the sun went down. In the 1850s, camphene (which sold for fifty cents a gallon) was cheaper than whale oil ($1.30 to $2.50 per gallon) and lard oil (90 cents per gallon). It was about the same price as coal oil, which was the product first marketed as "kerosene" (literally "sun fuel").
What happened next is subject to intense speculation - The first captains of industry worked hard to make cheap fossil fuels the number one choice for the 'horseless carriages'. Rockefellers and the Rothschild's established institutions and colluded with automakers to make gasoline the transportation industry's number one fuel choice for the next hundred years... but those days are over now and energy consumers are getting smarter everyday.
NEWSFLASH - pure ethyl alcohol C2H5OH is called ethanol, and there's nothing new about it. It's older than petroleum, and way more environmentally friendly. In fact, the more I investigate this biological fuel the more I've come to understand that ethanol is this planet's most logical fuel choice, and gasoline seems like a fad to me.
Reading about Greenfield Ethanol's forward looking operations in Canada helps. Introducing his 1982 book Critical Path, Buckminster Fuller writes , 'humanity's present rate of total energy consumption amounts to only one four-millionth of one percent of the rate of its energy income. ...Ninety-nine percent of humanity does not know that we have the option to make it economically on this planet and in the Universe. We do."
Related Tags: ethanol, biofuel, greenfield ethanol, greenfield, ethanol producer, industrial ethanol, biofuel production, alternative energy sources
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